Siiri Heiskanen

Finnish history from 1323–1917 traces Finland’s evolution from Swedish rule to the autonomous Grand Duchy under Russia. Key themes include rising national identity, cultural growth, industrialization, and resistance to Russification. These developments shaped Finland’s path toward independence in 1917.

Visiting Finland? Shopping may feel quiet and efficient — just how Finns like it. From minimal greetings to strict queuing and strong self-service culture, a few simple habits will help you blend in. Discover why “kiitos,” personal space, and calm order matter in Finnish shops.

Finnish Verb Type 1 includes verbs whose infinitive ends in two vowels (like puhua, antaa, tietää). They’re the largest and most regular verb group, making them ideal for beginners. Remove the final -a/-ä to get the stem, then add personal endings. Mastering this pattern builds a strong base for everyday Finnish.